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Verify that Server Parameter 'log_retention_days' is greater than 3 days for PostgreSQL Database ServerVerify that server parameter 'connection_throttling' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database ServerVerify that server parameter 'log_disconnections' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database ServerVerify that server parameter 'log_connections' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database ServerVerify that 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'ENABLED' for PostgreSQL Database ServerVerify that Server Parameter 'log_checkpoints' is set to 'ON' for PostgreSQL Database ServerVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Create Policy AssignmentVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update Public IP Address ruleVerify that no Azure SQL Databases allow ingress from 0.0.0.0/0 (ANY IP)Verify that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete SQL Server Firewall RuleVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update SQL Server Firewall RuleVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Network Security GroupVerify that the storage account containing the container with activity logs is encrypted with Customer Managed KeyVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Policy AssignmentVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update Network Security GroupVerify that Diagnostic Setting captures appropriate categoriesVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Create or Update Security SolutionVerify that Activity Log Alert exists for Delete Public IP Address ruleVerify that logging for Azure AppService 'HTTP logs' is enabledVerify that logging for Azure Key Vault is 'Enabled'Verify that the Expiration Date is set for all Keys in RBAC Key VaultsEnable Role Based Access Control for Azure Key VaultVerify that Private Endpoints are Used for Azure Key VaultVerify that the Key Vault is RecoverableVerify that HTTP(S) access from the Internet is evaluated and restrictedVerify that SSH access from the Internet is evaluated and restrictedVerify that Network Security Group Flow Log retention period is 'greater than 90 days'Verify that Network Watcher is 'Enabled' for all locations in the Azure subscriptionVerify that RDP access from the Internet is evaluated and restrictedVerify that That 'Firewalls & Networks' Is Limited to Use Selected Networks Instead of All NetworksVerify that That Private Endpoints Are Used Where PossibleVerify that 'Enforce SSL connection' is set to 'Enabled' for Standard MySQL Database ServerVerify that 'TLS Version' is set to 'TLSV1.2' for MySQL flexible Database ServerVerify that SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) protector is encryptedVerify that 'Auditing' Retention is 'greater than 90 days'Verify that Application Insights are Configured.Verify that 'Restrict non-admin users from creating tenants' is set to 'Yes'Verify that 'Guest invite restrictions' is set to 'Only users assigned to specific admin roles can invite guest users'Verify that That 'Guest users access restrictions' is set to 'Guest user access is restricted to properties and memberships of their own directory objects'Ensure Microsoft Defender for open-source relational databases is enabledVerify that That Microsoft Defender for App Services Is Set To 'On' Verify that That 'Notify about alerts with the following severity' is Set to 'High'Verify that 'Additional email addresses' is Configured with a Security Contact EmailVerify that That Microsoft Defender for SQL Servers on Machines Is Set To 'On' Verify that That 'All users with the following roles' is set to 'Owner'Verify that That Microsoft Defender for Storage Is Set To 'On'

Verify that SQL server's Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) protector is encrypted

Framework Reference: A.8.24 Integration: Azure – SQL Server

Why this matters

Using Customer-managed keys (CMKs) for Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) enhances security and compliance by giving organizations full control over the encryption keys used to secure data at rest. This reduces reliance on Microsoft-managed keys and enables stronger separation of duties, key rotation policies, and auditing.

Without CMKs, encryption relies on Microsoft-managed keys, which limits visibility and may fall short of regulatory requirements for sensitive workloads.

What this check does

This Auto Check verifies that the TDE protector for an Azure SQL Server is encrypted using a key stored in Azure Key Vault.

Check Logic

Passes if:

  • serverKeyType = AzureKeyVault
  • kind = azurekeyvault
  • uri is not null

Fails if:

  • serverKeyType = ServiceManaged or other unmanaged types

Applies to:

  • Azure SQL Server
  • Azure SQL Managed Instance

How to fix it

Azure Portal

  1. Go to SQL servers
  2. Select the desired server
  3. Click Transparent data encryption
  4. Select Customer-managed key
  5. Choose or create a key in Azure Key Vault
  6. Check Make selected key the default TDE protector
  7. Save

Azure CLI

az sql server tde-key set \  --resource-group <resourceGroupName> \  --server <serverName> \  --server-key-type AzureKeyVault \  --kid <keyIdentifier>

PowerShell

Set-AzSqlServerTransparentDataEncryptionProtector `  -Type AzureKeyVault `  -KeyId <KeyIdentifier> `  -ServerName <ServerName> `  -ResourceGroupName <ResourceGroupName>

Exceptions

There are no general exceptions. If the workload is non-sensitive or not subject to compliance requirements, Microsoft-managed keys may be acceptable. Any deviation should be documented with a clear risk justification.

Further resources

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